Unit 4
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units >unit 4> The
encounter between Europeans and the peoples of Africa, the Americas,
and Asia
E.
The encounter between
Europeans and the peoples of Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Case
study: The Columbian exchange
| 1. |
Human and physical geography |
| 2. |
European competition for colonies
in the Americas, Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia—The “old
imperialism” |
| 3. |
Global demographic shifts. Case study:
The triangular trade and slavery |
| 4. |
The extent of European
expansionism |
| 5. |
European mercantilism |
| 6. |
Spanish colonialism and the introduction
of the Encomienda system to Latin America |
| 7. |
Dutch colonization in East Asia (Japan
and Indonesia) |
| 8. |
Exchange of food and disease |
Focus Questions
| • |
As a result of the Encounter, how
did the standard of living in Europe, Africa and the
Americas change? |
| • |
Why do different interpretations of
the Encounter exist? |
| • |
What trading networks already existed
in the Indian Ocean before the Portuguese intervened?
How did this intervention change this trade? |
| • |
What changes occurred in colonial
South America in terms of governing and religious practices?
What other political and cultural changes followed. What
is the legacy of these changes? |
| • |
What was the connection between the
European discovery of the Americas, and later Portuguese
claims in East Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Asia? |
| • |
In addition to geographers and historians,
why do biologists and immunologists also regard the Encounter
an important topic to explore? |
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Vocabulary
| Age of Exploration |
joint-stock-company |
| Atahualpa |
mercantilism |
| capitalism |
mestizo |
| Columbian Exchange |
Middle Passage |
| Commercial Revolution |
mita |
| conquistador |
Olaudah Equiano |
| circumnavigation |
Papal Line of Demarcation |
| Cuzco |
plantation economy |
| Dutch East India
Company |
racism |
| encomienda |
smallpox |
| Encounter |
supply and demand |
| favorable balance
of trade |
three worlds meet |
| gold, glory,
and God |
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade |
| immunity |
Treaty of Tordesillas |
| inflation |
triangular trade |
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Scholarship
Bentley,
Jerry. 1993. Old World Encounters:
Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern
Times. New York: Oxford University
Press. |
| |
Diamond,
Jared. 1997. Guns, Germs and Steel:
The Fates of Human Societies. New
York: W. W. Norton & Company. |
| |
Flynn,
Dennis O., Arturo Giraldez and Richard von Glahn.
2003. Global
Connections and Monetary History, 1470-1800.
Burlington, VT: Ashgate. |
| |
Frank,
Andre Gunder. 1998. ReOrient:
Global Economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
|
| |
Goody,
Jack. 1996. The
East in the West. New
York: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
McNeill,
William H. 1998. Plagues and Peoples.
Garden City, NY: Anchor Press. |
| |
McNeill,
William H. 1991. The
Rise of the West: A History of Human Community. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press. |
| |
Pomeranz,
Kenneth. 2000. The
Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making
of the Modern World Economy. Princeton:
Princeton University Press. |
| |
Wolf,
Eric. 1982. Europe
and the People Without History. Berkley:
University of California Press. |
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Helpful Hints
| • |
Throughout this subsection, teachers
may decide to focus instruction on a series of moral
dilemmas such as: Was Christopher Columbus an explorer or
a conqueror? To what extent was the Encounter
a discovery of America? What human rights issues
surround the Encounter? |
| • |
Explore the impact of this time period
on subsequent issues of poverty and civil uprisings in
Latin America. |
| • |
Provide students with a solid grounding
in the economy, social classes, power groups, and religious
practices of Latin America. |
| • |
Have students label European exploration
routes, triangular trade routes, and territorial acquisitions
on a map. |
| • |
Have students investigate accounts
describing the middle passage, and write diary entrird
describing these events from various points of view. |
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Resources for Teachers (Books/Articles, Visuals/Music)
Andrade,
Tonio. "The Company’s Chinese Pirates: How
the Dutch East India Company Tried to Lead a Coalition
of Pirates to War Against China, 1621-1662." Journal
Of World History, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2005,
415-444. |
| |
Barendese,
R. J. 2002. The Arabian Seas: The
Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century.
Armonk: East Gate Books. |
| |
Boorstin,
Daniel J. 1985. The Discoverers. New
York: Vintage. |
| |
Cohen,
Robin. 1997. Global Diasporas.
Seattle: University of Washington Press. |
| |
Crosby,
Alfred W. 1986. Ecological Imperialism:
The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900. Boston:
Cambridge University Press. |
| |
Crosby,
Alfred W. 1972. The Columbian Exchange:
Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492.
Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. |
| |
Danzer,
Gerald A. 2000. Atlas of World History.
Ann Arbor, MI: Borders Press. |
| |
Davidson,
Basil. 1959. The Lost Cities of Africa. Boston:
Back Bay Press. |
| |
Flexner,
Stuart. 1992. The Pessimist's Guide
to History. New York: Avon Books. |
| |
Hemming,
John. 1970. The Conquest of the Incas. New
York: Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovich. |
| |
Hemming,
John. 1978. Red Gold: The Conquest of the
Brazilian Indians. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press. |
| |
Jamieson,
Ross W. 2001. "The Essence of Commodification: Caffeine
Dependencies in the Early Modern World." The
Journal of Social History. |
| |
Leon-Portilla,
Miguel, ed. 1992. Broken
Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico. Boston:
Beacon Press. |
| |
Lunenfeld,
Marvin, ed. 1991. 1492: Discovery, Invasion,
Encounter. Lexington: D.C. Heath. |
| |
Milton,
Giles. 1999. Nathaniel’s Nutmeg: Or
The True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader
Who Changed the Course of History. New
York: Penguin Books. |
| |
Milton,
Giles. 2004. White Gold: The Extraordinary
Story of Thomas Pellow and Islam’s One Million
White Slaves. New York: Farrar, Straus
and Giroux. |
| |
Paludan,
Ann. 1998. Chronicle of the Chinese Emperor. London:
Thomas and Hudson. |
| |
Pearson,
M.N. 1987. The Portuguese in India.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
Phillips,
William D. and Carla Rhan Phillips. 1992. The
Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. |
| |
Pomeranz,
Kenneth and Steven Topik. 2005. The
World That Trade Created: Culture, Society,
and the World Economy 1400 to the Present. Armonk,
New York: M. E. Sharpe Publishers |
| |
Ponting,
Clive. 1991. A Green History of the World: The
Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations. New
York: Penguin Books. |
| |
Reader,
John. 1998. Africa: A Biography of the
Continent. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. |
| |
Rediker,
Marcus and Peter Linebaugh. 2000. The Many-Headed
Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History
of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Boston:
Beacon Press. |
| |
Reilly,
Kevin. 2003. Worlds of History: A Comparative
Reader, Vol. 2: Since 1400. Boston
and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. |
| |
Shillington,
Kevin. 1989. History of Africa. New
York: Macmillan. |
| |
Smith,
Bonnie, ed. 2004-05. Women's History
in Global Perspective. Champaign,
Ill: University of Illinois Press. |
| |
Singer,
Alan. |
| |
Stearns,
Peter N. 2001. Cultures in Motion: Mapping
Key Contacts and Their Imprints in History.
New Haven: Yale University Press. |
| |
Stearns,
Peter N., ed. 1998. World History
in Documents, A Comparative Reader. New
York: New York University Press. |
| |
Turner,
Jack. 2004. Spice: The History of a Temptation. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf. |
| |
Wolf,
Ken. 2004. Personalities
and Problems: Interpretive Essays in World Civilizations (Vol
2). New York: McGraw Hill. |
| |
Wood,
Michael. 2000. Conquistadors.
Berkley: University of California Press. |
| |
1993. The
Ibero-American Heritage Project: Latinos in the
Making of the United States of America, Yesterday,
Today, and Tomorrow: TEACHER GUIDE and READER. Albany,
NY: The State Education Department. |
|
| |
| Film |
| American Forum for Global Education. The
Crucible of the Millennium: Educational Resource
Guide of Readings to Accompany PBS TV Series, 2001.
www.globaled.org |
| |
| 2000.
Christopher Columbus - Explorer of the New World. A&E
Biography. (TV) |
| |
| 2005. Guns, Germs, and
Steel. (2-disc DVD). PBS/National Geographic |
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Visuals
|
 |
| |
San
Lorenzo Church, Potosi, Bolivia
|
| |
|
| |
|
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Plan
and Sections of a Slave Ship
http://www.garstangfairtrade.org.uk/johns_images/slave_ship.jpg |
| |
|
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New York and Slavery: Complicity and Resistance. A
document-based curriculum guide prepared for the "Gateway
to the City" Teaching American History Grant Project. Edited
by Alan Singer, Hofstra University.
http://www.nyscss.org/resources/publications/NYandSlavery.cfm |
| |
|
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Morricone, Ennio. The Mission: The
Original Soundtrack. Audio CD, 1992, Virgin Records. |
| |
|
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Tom
Laichas' conversation with Jared Diamond, author of Guns,
Germs, and Steel and Collapse in Summer Issue 2005 of World
History Connected, Inc.
http://worldhistoryconnected.press.uiuc.edu/2.2/laichas.html |
| |
|
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Cultural
Readings: Colonization and Print in the Americas
http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/kislak/index/cultural.html |
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|
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The
Conquest and Exploitation of the Americas
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook08.html |
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|
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Colonial
Latin American Sourcebook
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook08.html |
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|
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An
explanation of Immanuel Wallerstein’s World Systems
Theory
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/wallerstein.html |
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|
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Columbus’ Voyages
http://www.historyteacher.net/GlobalStudies/LatinAmerica_
Colonialism.htm |
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|
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Colonization
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/index.html |
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|
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Encomienda
System
http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/papers/scott-m.html |
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|
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The
Metropolitan Museum of Art: Timeline of Art History
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/splash.htm?HomePagLink=toah_1 |
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Learning Experience(s)
Other Worlds - Voyage of Columbus
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Available
in PDF, HTML, WORD
Handout
- Slave Exports Chart
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Assessments
Editor's Note: All state examinations are
aligned to the New York State Learning Standards for Social
Studies and Social Studies Resource Guide with Core Curriculum.
The chart below specifies where these alignments have occurred
(from June 2000 to the present).
| Core
Curriculum: |
Global
History and Geography Regents: |
| 1. |
Human and physical
geography |
| 2. |
European competition
for colonies in the Americas, Africa,
East Asia, and Southeast Asia—The “old
imperialism” |
| 3. |
Global demographic
shifts. Case study: The triangular trade
and slavery |
| 4. |
The extent of European
expansionism |
| 5. |
European mercantilism |
| 6. |
Spanish colonialism
and the introduction of the Encomienda
system to Latin America |
| 7. |
Dutch colonization
in East Asia (Japan and Indonesia) |
| 8. |
Exchange of food and
disease |
|
August
2001 Thematic, Change – Turning
Points
January
2002 Thematic, Geography
August
2002 DBQ, Migration
January
2003 DBQ, Geographic Factors on
the Political and Economic Development
of Great Britain and Japan
June
2004 Thematic, Turning Points
January
2005 DBQ, Conquests
August 2006
Thematic, Movement of People
and Goods: Trade |
|
|
| 8. |
Exchange of
food and disease |
|
|
August 2004 DBQ, Epidemics |
|
|
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encounter between Europeans and the peoples of Africa, the Americas,
and Asia
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